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Amintore Fanfani (February 6, 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career politician and five times Prime Minister of the Republic. He was one of the well-known Italian politicians after the Second World War, and a historical figure of the Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana – DC). Fanfani was one of the dominant figures of the Italian Christian Democrats for over three decades.
Fanfani and Giovanni Giolitti are still the only five-time prime ministers of Italy. However, the sum of the days of Fanfani's five terms are 1571 (four years, 110 days), while Silvio Berlusconi spent 1801 days (four years, 340 days) at office in his second term only (2001-2006).
Fanfani was born in Pieve Santo Stefano, in the province of Arezzo in Tuscany, to a large and humble family. He graduated in economics and business in 1932 from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan. He was the author of a number of important works on economic history dealing with religion and the development of capitalism in the Renaissance and Reformation in Europe. His thesis was published in Italian and then in English as Catholicism, Capitalism and Protestantism in 1935.
He joined the Italian fascist party supporting the corporatist ideas of the regime promoting collaboration between the classes, which he defended in many articles. "Some day," he once wrote, "the European continent will be organized into a vast supranational area guided by Italy and Germany. Those areas will take authoritarian governments and synchronize their constitutions with Fascist principles."[1]
He also wrote for the official magazine of racism in Fascist Italy, The Defence of the Race (Italian: La difesa della razza). In 1938, he was among the 330 that signed the antisemitic Manifesto of Race (Italian: Manifesto della razza)[2] – culminating in laws that stripped the Italian Jews of Italian citizenship and with it any position in the government or professions which many previous had.
During the years he spent in Milan, he knew Giuseppe Dossetti and Giorgio La Pira. They formed a group known as the "little professors" who lived ascetically in monastery cells and walked barefoot. They formed the nucleus of Democratic Initiative, an intensely Catholic but economically reformist wing of the post-war Christian Democratic Party,[3][4] holding meetings to discuss Catholicism and society. After the surrender of Italy with the Allied armed forces on September 8, 1943, the group disbanded. Until the Liberation in April 1945, Fanfani fled to Switzerland dodging military service, and organized university courses for refugee Italians.
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